The Judicate West ("JW") Commercial Arbitration Rules (the "Rules") (Rev. March 2014) are designed to promote a just, speedy, economical and enforceable resolution of disputes through the use of arbitration. "Arbitrator", as used through these rules refers to a single arbitrator or a panel of arbitrators, depending upon the context. JW Arbitrators render a decision or award based upon the evidence presented and the applicable law.

The JW Rules for commercial arbitration are designed to provide principled resolution of disputes between all parties. These Rules require the parties and the arbitrator to use their best efforts to submit the dispute for decision within six months after the initial case management conference ("CMC"), and make the final award within one month after the close of the arbitration hearing. Counsel for the parties and the parties themselves are expected to cooperate fully with the arbitrator and with each other so that the arbitral proceedings will be conducted with civility and efficiency. Working with the parties' counsel to avoid unreasonable cost and delay, discovery will be shaped by the arbitrator to appropriately fit the circumstances of the case.

When a contract between the parties states that the JW Commercial Arbitration Rules will be used to resolve disputes between the parties, or a contract provides for disputes to be resolved through arbitration by JW without specifying the rules to be utilized, or a contract does not state how disputes will be resolved and the parties agree to modify their agreement to provide for arbitration by JW, or two or more parties without a written contract between them agree to submit their dispute for resolution through arbitration by JW, then these Rules, with any written modifications agreed to by the parties and approved by the arbitrator, will apply. The arbitral proceedings will be conducted in accordance with these Rules, as they exist at the time arbitration is initiated (See Rule 4.C.4 Date Arbitration Commences).

When a contract specifies that a dispute between the parties will be resolved pursuant to rules or laws other than these JW Commercial Arbitration Rules, or the parties agree to an arbitration process pursuant to rules or laws other than these JW Commercial Arbitration Rules, then JW will administer the arbitration pursuant to the rules or laws designated in the contract or selected by the parties. However, the parties may at any time before the commencement of the initial CMC (Rule 7.A.) elect in writing to have these Rules apply.

The parties, with the approval of the arbitrator, may establish their own arbitration rules, or modify in writing any aspect of the governing rules. The rules chosen by the parties will govern the conduct of the arbitral proceedings, unless any of the rules conflict with a mandatory provision of applicable law, in which event that provision of law will prevail. If these Rules, or any other rules specified or agreed to by the parties, fail to address any issue(s) that arise(s) during any phase of the arbitral proceedings, the arbitrator will determine the procedure to quickly and efficiently resolve the issue(s).

The arbitrator will resolve disputes about the interpretation and applicability of these Rules, including those related to the arbitrator's powers and duties. The resolution of issues by the arbitrator will be final.

The parties may incorporate the JW Rules into an agreement when the contract is being drafted (or at any time before a dispute arises). The parties may specify in their agreement whether they wish to agree to arbitration or a multi-step dispute resolution process utilizing mediation and arbitration by including one of the following pre-dispute clauses or any similar language:

Any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or relating to this contract, including the scope, interpretation, breach or validity thereof, will be resolved by binding arbitration administered by JW, in accordance with the JW Commercial Arbitration Rules, by (a sole arbitrator) [or] (a panel of three arbitrators). Judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered by any court having jurisdiction. The place of the arbitration will be (city, state).

Any dispute, claim or controversy arising out of or relating to this contract, including the scope, interpretation, breach or validity thereof, will be administered by JW in [insert city or county for dispute resolution] and resolved pursuant to this multi-step Dispute Resolution process. As a first step, the parties will engage in non-binding mediation. The parties agree to split the fees and costs of the mediation equally. If the parties cannot agree on a Mediator within 14 calendar days of requesting mediation, the Mediator will be selected in the same manner in which an arbitrator is selected (Rule 5, et seq.). The mediation will be completed within 60 days of the selection of the Mediator unless otherwise agreed upon by the parties in writing. The mediation will be conducted pursuant to, and governed by, California Evidence Code Sections 1115-1129. Should the mediation process fail to resolve any issue(s), the parties agree to submit any remaining dispute(s) to (binding arbitration) [or] (private judging process). Each party will bear the expense of the (arbitral proceedings) [or] (private judging process) equally unless otherwise agreed upon. The arbitral proceedings will be governed by the JW Commercial Arbitration Rules in effect at the time of the arbitration. Any award of the Arbitrator(s) may be entered as a judgment in any court having jurisdiction.

The parties may agree to arbitration pursuant to these JW Commercial Arbitration Rules by modifying, amending, or adding to an existing agreement or contract the following post-dispute clause or any similar language: Notwithstanding any other dispute resolution process that may be set forth in the attached agreement of the parties ("the Underlying Agreement"), we, the undersigned parties, agree to submit any and all disputes between us related to the Underlying Agreement to be resolved by binding arbitration administered by JW, in accordance with the JW Commercial Arbitration Rules, by (a sole arbitrator) [or] (a panel of three arbitrators). Judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator(s) may be entered by any court having jurisdiction. The place of the arbitration will be (city, state).

The sample clauses contained in these rules are to aid parties and their counsel in drafting contracts and should be considered in consultation with the advice of legal counsel. JW will not give legal advice, and is not giving legal advice as to the precise language to be used nor its meaning or effect.

By agreeing to the applicability of these Rules, the parties delegate to Judicate West and the arbitrator selected, the power and responsibility to resolve all administrative issues, disputes, and related matters relevant to the subject matter embraced by their agreement and to arbitrate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, except as otherwise agreed by the parties and provided for in writing to Judicate West at the outset of the engagement for the arbitration proceeding.

To the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, disputes as to the jurisdiction of the arbitrator and arbitrability of any issue, including disputes regarding the existence, scope, or validity of the agreement, or any part thereof, that is the basis for the arbitration or any other disputes, will be heard and determined by the arbitrator. In any challenges to jurisdiction, the arbitration clause will be considered separable from the remaining provisions of any agreement of which it forms a part.

Any challenges to the jurisdiction of the arbitrator, except challenges based on the award, must be made by the date the Response by Respondent is due, or, with respect to a counterclaim, the date the Reply to the Counterclaim is due; provided, however, that if a Claim or Counterclaim is added or amended later pursuant to Rule 4.C.5 (below), any jurisdictional challenge must be based upon new matters raised and made by the date the Response to such claim or the Reply to the Counterclaim is due.

Notices or other communications under these Rules must be in writing and sent to the address specified in writing by the recipient or, if no address has been specified, to the last known business or residence address of the recipient. Notices and communications may be given by any means that provides a written record. The burden is on the sending party to assure that the arbitrator, the JW arbitration administrative team, and all parties receive the notice or communication.

Communications will be deemed received and time periods will start to run as follows: DATE OF TRANSMISSION for communications transmitted by electronic mail, facsimile transmission, or by handdelivery by no later than 6:00 pm in the venue of the arbitration hearing; DATE OF DELIVERY for overnight delivery; THREE DAYS AFTER MAILING for communications sent via U.S. Mail. If the date a communication will be deemed received falls on a weekend or court holiday in the place the communication is received, then the date of receipt will be on the next business day in the place the communication is received. Proof of transmission is prima facie evidence of proof of service / receipt of any notice or communication sent under these Rules.

The parties should be represented by licensed attorneys of their choice. Promptly and in writing, each party will provide contact information, including the name, address, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address for its attorney(s), to the other parties, the arbitrator and to JW. Upon change, replacement or substitution, the party(ies) involved will update that information immediately. JW reserves the right to decline administration of any matter, or cease administration of any matter, where one or more parties are not represented by counsel. If for any reason any party to the arbitration ceases to be represented by counsel, the arbitrator, in his or her sole discretion, may suspend or terminate the arbitration, unless doing so would unduly prejudice a party, or unless the arbitrator determines that in the interests of justice and equity the arbitration should proceed.

Parties to any existing dispute may elect to arbitrate some or all of the issues in their dispute using these Rules by submitting to JW a written agreement to arbitrate containing the following information:

1. The names and addresses of all parties and their attorneys;
2. A statement of election to proceed under these Rules;
3. A statement of the general nature of the claim(s), counterclaim(s), issue(s) or dispute(s);
4. Any relief or remedy(ies) sought;
5. The hearing location requested; and
6. The signatures of all parties.

When one party, unilaterally, commences arbitration (the "Claimant"), that party will serve a written Notice of Intent to Arbitrate ("NIA") on the other party(ies) (the "Respondent(s)").

To begin the process with JW, the Claimant is to send the NIA in conformity with Rule 3.A. and file a copy with JW sent to the attention of the Arbitration Administrator together with payment of the applicable JW administrative and case management fees.

The arbitration is commenced as to any Respondent on the date the NIA is deemed received by the Respondent, pursuant to Rule 3.B.

Claims within the scope of the arbitration clause may be added, amended or withdrawn before the arbitrator is appointed, and thereafter only with the consent of all other parties or after obtaining the approval of the arbitrator. Copies of Amended Claims are to be served on all other parties and filed with JW sent to the attention of the Case Manager.

Within 30 days after receipt of the NIA or 20 days after receipt of a Counterclaim, a Response or Reply may be served that sets forth the general and specific defenses asserted. If no Response or Reply is served within these time frames, all claims in the NIA or Counterclaim will be deemed denied. Failure to serve a Response or Reply will not delay the arbitral proceedings. The Response to a Claim or the Reply to a Counterclaim must be served on all parties and a copy filed with JW sent to the attention of the Case Manager.

The Respondent or Counterclaim Respondent may include in its Response or Reply any Counterclaim within the scope of the arbitration clause.

Counterclaims within the scope of the arbitration clause may be added, amended or withdrawn before the arbitrator is appointed, and thereafter only with the consent of all other parties or after obtaining the approval of the arbitrator. Copies of Amended Counterclaims are to be sent to all other parties and filed with JW sent to the attention of the Case Manager.

Each arbitrator will be independent and impartial and will be bound by these Rules.

If the arbitration agreement does not specify the number of arbitrators, the dispute will be heard and determined by one arbitrator. Before appointment of a single arbitrator, all parties may agree to a panel of three arbitrators. Absent an agreement to the contrary between the parties, the three arbitrators will select one of their number to serve as Chairperson, who will conduct routine status hearings, hear and determine all motions and procedural disputes, and rule on evidentiary matters and other motions during the arbitration hearing. However, any potentially dispositive motions will be heard by the entire panel.

If circumstances arise that could cause a reasonable person to question the arbitrator's independence or impartiality, including any bias, any interest in the outcome of the arbitration, or any past or present relationship with the parties, their representatives, or any witnesses, the arbitrator will promptly disclose those circumstances, where required by law, to JW and all parties.

Any arbitrator may be challenged if circumstances exist or arise that give rise to a legitimate question regarding that arbitrator's independence or impartiality. In order to prevent delay and potential prejudice, all parties are urged to conduct customary due diligence regarding the suitability of the arbitrator at the time the initial disclosures are received. Challenges made after an arbitrator has made a ruling on a substantive or contested procedural matter are disfavored.

No party, or anyone on behalf of a party, may have any ex parte or unsolicited communication with the arbitrator concerning any matter relating to the arbitration, except as provided in Rules 7.B.1 and 7.B.3. Should any party, or anyone acting on behalf of any party, communicate directly with an arbitrator in violation of this Rule, or should the content of any such communication be considered by the arbitrator to be an attempt to prejudice the arbitral proceedings, the arbitrator may impose such sanctions, or take such other action, as the arbitrator deems appropriate.

Unless the arbitrator requests otherwise, it is strongly recommended that all motions, briefs, and other papers to be filed with the arbitrator be submitted by e-mail directly to the arbitrator, with copies to the case manager and all other parties. All motion papers will be deemed "served" in accordance with Rule 3.B. Lengthy briefs on discovery matters should be avoided. However, separate statements and responses regarding the specific issues to be decided are encouraged in discovery and summary judgment matters. In most cases, the submission of brief letters will sufficiently inform the arbitrator with regard to the issues to be decided.

The arbitrator will conduct as soon as practicable, and absent extraordinary circumstances, within 20 days of appointment, an initial CMC either telephonically, or in person, for the planning and scheduling of the arbitral proceedings. Matters to be addressed during the initial CMC may include any or all of the following:

1. Clarification of issues and claims;
2. Discussion of the types and scope of discovery appropriate for management of the case. This will include the scheduling of the informal exchange of documents and information (Rule 8.A.1), which should take place within 30 days of the Initial CMC, and scheduling other additional discovery, if any. Discovery is to be limited consistent with the objective of an expedited, economical resolution of the dispute and avoiding discovery that is unduly burdensome, as detailed in Rule 8;
3. Compilation and organization of exhibit books or joint exhibit books, including uniformity of exhibit numbers;
4. Allowance, scheduling and exchange of any dispositive motions;
5. Exchange of lists of lay and expert witnesses expected to be called as witnesses at the arbitration hearing;
6. Exchange of exhibits the parties expect to offer at the arbitration hearing;
7. Exchange of pre-hearing briefs;
8. Retention of a reporter, at the requesting party's cost, to make a record of the arbitration hearing;
9. Scheduling an arbitration readiness conference, if appropriate, at least 45 days before the arbitration hearing begins;
10. Scheduling the arbitration hearing date(s) and fixing the place of the arbitration hearing.

At the request of any party, or at the discretion of the arbitrator, additional CMCs may be convened as necessary for the efficient management of the arbitration

If, at any time, a party believes there is an issue that requires the involvement of the arbitrator, that party may send an email or other written communication to the arbitrator, with a copy to all other parties and the case manager, stating that a telephonic or in person CMC is desired, and setting forth in no more than one sentence the general subject matter of the issue. The communication will contain no argument, reasons, criticism or other substantive material, only the notification that a CMC is desired.

Upon receipt of an e-mail request for an additional CMC, the arbitrator or case manager will arrange a telephonic or in person CMC at the earliest convenient time. The arbitrator will conduct a brief informal hearing by telephone or in person, at the election of the arbitrator, to determine if the matter can be resolved or the issues narrowed. For any remaining unresolved issue(s), the arbitrator, with input from the parties, will determine the briefing schedule for any motion, if needed, pursuant to Rule 9 below.

The provisions of Rule 7 do not apply to ex parte applications involving irreparable harm or other true emergencies that cannot reasonably wait for a CMC to take place. In case of an emergency or urgent problem, the party should contact the JW Case Manager and seek an immediate telephonic hearing with the arbitrator and all other parties. The arbitrator has the discretion to proceed, ex parte or with fewer than all parties participating, to address the issue(s) involving irreparable harm or other urgent circumstances.

To avoid the unreasonable costs and delays often caused by excessive discovery, these Rules are intended to actively involve the arbitrator in shaping discovery to appropriately fit the circumstances of the case. At the initial CMC (Rule 7.A.) the arbitrator will custom tailor the discovery process, limiting or expanding discovery, to meet the needs of the case, recognizing that the complexity of the case will have an effect on the types and scope of discovery. In general, the parties may conduct the discovery to which they agree, subject to the overriding discretion of the arbitrator. To aid the parties in preparing to discuss permissible discovery at the initial CMC, the following is a flexible framework for discovery that the arbitrator, after consultation with the parties, may reduce or expand.

The foundation of the discovery framework is the efficient discovery of pertinent information by means of an informal exchange of information, as scheduled at the initial CMC (See Rule 7.A.).

The parties, in good faith, will exchange all non-privileged documents and other information (including electronically stored information) on which they intend to rely in support of their position in the dispute or claim, including copies of all such documents and other information in their possession, custody, or control, and names of individuals whom they may call as witnesses at the arbitration hearing. The arbitrator may modify these obligations at the initial or a subsequent CMC.

As the parties become aware of new documents or information, all parties will continue to be under an obligation to supplement the exchange of documents and information described in Rule 8.A.1. Documents that were not previously exchanged, and witnesses and experts that were not previously identified, will not be received into evidence at the hearing, unless agreed upon by the parties or upon a showing of good cause as determined by the arbitrator.

Depending on the complexity of the case, limited additional discovery to facilitate the parties' development of the case and preparation for the arbitration hearing may be appropriate. The framework for discovery described in rules 8.B.1 - 8.B.3 is general and may be further restricted by the arbitrator or by agreement of the parties, or it may be expanded by the arbitrator upon a showing of good cause.

In addition to the aforementioned exchange requirements, the parties may also propound twenty (20) special interrogatories (without subparts) and twenty (20) requests for production of documents, electronic or hard copy. Document requests will (1) be limited to documents that are directly relevant to the matter(s) in dispute or to its outcome; (2) not include broad phrases, such as "all related documents;" and (3) not be encumbered by extensive "definitions" or "instructions." Any production of electronic documents will only be from sources used in the ordinary course of business, unless agreed by the parties or on a showing of good cause.

Each party (or side, if there is more than one party on each side) may take one deposition, as a matter of right. The deposition will be completed in one day, absent unusual circumstances. The parties will agree on the date, time, location and duration of the deposition; or if the parties are unable to agree these issues will be determined by the arbitrator upon the request of any party. The necessity of any additional depositions will be determined by the arbitrator based on all relevant circumstances, the availability of other discovery options, and whether the need for the information is sufficient to justify the time and expense associated with the requested deposition.

A party may propound unlimited Requests for Admission focused on the authentication of documents and twenty (20) Requests for Admission focused on establishing uncontroverted foundational facts.

In matters where the testimony of experts is expected, and unless the arbitrator orders otherwise, the parties will exchange expert reports 60 days before the arbitration hearing. Each party has the right to depose each expert witness designated to testify. The parties will complete the deposition of each expert in one day at least 30 days before the arbitration hearing, absent unusual circumstances. The parties will agree on the date, time, location and duration of each expert's deposition; or if the parties are unable to agree these issues will be determined by the arbitrator upon request of any party.

At any time during the proceedings, at the request of a party or on the arbitrator's own determination, the arbitrator may issue subpoenas for the attendance of witnesses or the production of documents or other evidence by any person or entity, pursuant to any applicable statutory provision. Any party requesting issuance of a subpoena will, at the time of the request, send a copy of the completed subpoena request to all other parties.

The arbitrator will resolve any disputes regarding discovery on an expedited basis, pursuant to the procedures specified in Rules 7.B. and 9. The arbitrator has the discretion and power, if good cause is shown, to order the taking of depositions, or the propounding of written discovery. The arbitrator may issue sanctions or shift costs among the parties as a condition of permitting requested discovery. Where there is a panel of three arbitrators, and absent an agreement to the contrary between the parties, the Chairperson is authorized to hear and determine discovery issues and disputes.

The arbitrator may issue orders to protect the confidentiality of proprietary information, trade secrets, and other sensitive information conveyed by exchanges of information or through discovery. Unless the parties agree otherwise, the parties, the arbitrator and JW will treat the arbitral proceedings, any related disclosures and/or discovery, and the decisions of the arbitrator, as confidential, except in connection with judicial proceedings ancillary to the arbitration, such as a judicial challenge to, or enforcement of, an award, or unless otherwise required by law or to protect a legal right of a party. To the extent possible, any specific issues of confidentiality should be raised with and resolved by the arbitrator.

The steps below will be followed in connection with all motions:

Before initiating any motion, counsel for all interested parties must conduct a meaningful meet-and-confer in an attempt to resolve the matter. One good-faith discussion by phone or in person is required in all cases, including ex parte applications. An extended exchange of self-serving letters is discouraged and insufficient in and of itself to satisfy the party's meet and confer obligation. Instead, once a good faith effort is made to resolve the issue, and the issue remains, it should be promptly brought before the arbitrator, so the matter is not delayed due to unresolved issues.

If the meet-and-confer does not resolve the issue, a CMC will be held in accordance with Rule 7.B.

Only if the CMC (See Rule 7.B.) does not completely resolve the issues may a formal motion be submitted. The motion briefing schedule will be set by the arbitrator pursuant to Rule 7.B.2, and may include opposition and reply papers at the discretion of the arbitrator. Although strict compliance will normally be expected, the parties will also be expected to cooperate reasonably regarding short extensions under appropriate circumstances. The arbitrator need not be consulted regarding such extensions, but must be advised thereof by email or other writing.

Once all papers are submitted, the arbitrator will inform the parties if a hearing would be helpful in ruling on the motion and will arrange a hearing date and time at the earliest convenience. The arbitrator will conduct a hearing by telephone or in person, at the election of the arbitrator. The parties cannot unilaterally postpone the hearing.

The arbitrator will promptly rule on the motion after the hearing or last submission, if there is no hearing, absent unusual circumstances. In appropriate cases, the arbitrator may apportion the arbitrator's fee in connection with the motion proceeding in accordance with the interests of justice. In addition, sanctions may be awarded based upon the statutory provisions governing sanctions, or as permitted by these Rules. No apportionment or sanctions will be made or awarded without a hearing in which that issue is addressed.

Any party may propose, or agree to, settlement discussions or formal mediation at any time. The arbitrator may suggest that the parties explore settlement at appropriate times.

The parties may ask the arbitrator to recommend another neutral to assist them in reaching settlement. The arbitrator assigned to the case will not act as the mediator or aid the parties in settlement discussions.

At any stage of the arbitral proceedings, if all parties agree on settlement of any aspect of the dispute, upon request, the arbitrator may memorialize the agreement in a Consent Award in consultation with the parties' counsel.

The Arbitration Readiness Conference will occur on the date designated at the initial CMC, unless modified by the arbitrator, or at the request of a party upon a showing of good cause. Matters to be addressed during the arbitration readiness conference may include the following:

1. The status of any outstanding discovery.
2. The preparation, exchange and submission of Exhibit Books or Joint Exhibit Books and any demonstratives to be used at the arbitration hearing.
3. The expected order of witnesses to testify at the arbitration hearing and that all appropriate subpoenas have been issued.
4. Any pre-trial motions affecting the presentation of evidence, or other matters affecting the arbitration hearing.
5. The estimated number of days for the arbitration hearing and consideration of any necessary adjustments.
6. Whether one or more parties requests a record to be made by a reporter, at the cost of the requesting party(ies).
7. Any presentation of testimony by affidavit, declaration or video/telephone appearance.
8. Any mediation, negotiations, or other potential cause for delay or settlement.
9. Any other special needs or requirements the parties anticipate.

The parties and the arbitrator will use their best efforts to assure that, absent unusual circumstances, the dispute will be submitted to the arbitrator for decision within six months after the initial CMC.

The order of proof generally will be similar to that of a court trial, provided that the arbitrator may bifurcate issues or modify the order of proof to facilitate a swift and economic resolution or for the convenience of non-party witnesses. The arbitration hearing will be conducted in an expeditious manner and as economically as practicable.

The arbitrator will be guided by, but not necessarily bound by, the substantive law agreed to by the parties in the written agreement that is the basis for the arbitration, or agreed to by the parties at any time prior to the conclusion of the Arbitration Readiness Conference pursuant to Rule 11. Absent such an agreement by the parties, the arbitrator will be guided by the substantive law the arbitrator determines to be appropriate.

The arbitrator is not required to conform strictly to the rules of evidence used in judicial proceedings. The arbitrator will determine the admissibility, relevance, materiality and weight of the evidence offered.

The arbitrator will apply applicable law pertaining to attorney-client privilege, other privileges and work product. The arbitrator will determine the applicability of any privilege, waiver or immunity.

Testimonial evidence that does not permit cross-examination of the witness is discouraged, but may be permitted at the discretion of the arbitrator. Any party seeking permission to present evidence by declaration, affidavit, telephone testimony or video conferencing will notify all other parties, the arbitrator, and JW at the earliest possible time in order to give ample time for objections to be considered and an appropriate order to be made by the arbitrator. The arbitrator will make orders that are appropriate, consistent with efficient case management and the interests of justice.

The arbitrator is empowered to administer the oath to witnesses and will require witnesses to testify under penalty of perjury.

The arbitrator has the discretion to determine the propriety of the attendance at the hearing of any person other than the parties and their representatives, including the discretion to exclude a witness during the testimony of any other witness or at any other time.

The arbitrator has the power to impose time limits the arbitrator determines to be reasonable on each phase of the hearing, including without limitation the time allotted to each party for presentation of its case and for rebuttal. In setting time limits, the arbitrator will manage the proceedings appropriately to conclude the arbitral proceedings as economically and expeditiously as practicable without compromising fairness.

The arbitrator may postpone any hearing on request of any party, or all parties, for good cause shown, or on the arbitrator's own initiative. The parties cannot unilaterally postpone any hearing. Postponement is discouraged due to the considerable difficulty of rescheduling. Postponement or cancellation within 45 days of the hearing may affect refunds or credits of fees paid or due.

The arbitrator has the discretion to have the arbitration hearings proceed in the absence of any party that fails to appear. An award will not be made based on the failure of a party to be present, or based on any other default of the absent party. Rather, a party will be entitled to an award based on a claim or defense only if sufficient evidence is presented to the arbitrator in support of such an award. The arbitrator will require the parties to appear to present such evidence as the arbitrator may require for the making of an award.

When the arbitrator determines, after inquiry of the parties, that there are no further witnesses, evidence, or proofs to be presented, the arbitrator will declare the hearing closed. However, if post-hearing briefs are to be filed, or if counsel are to make closing arguments, and unless the arbitrator determines otherwise, the hearing will be deemed closed as of the date of receipt of the briefs or at the conclusion of closing arguments, whichever is later. The time limit for the arbitrator to make the award will begin on the date the hearing is closed, unless the parties agree otherwise.

At any time before the award is made, on application of a party where good cause is shown or on the arbitrator's own initiative when deemed appropriate by the arbitrator, the arbitrator may re-open the hearing, in which event the arbitrator will set a new date for the close of the hearing. The arbitrator shall have the authority to shift costs among the parties in the interests of justice as a condition of permitting the reopening of the hearing.

At the request of a party, the arbitrator may order such interim measures as deemed necessary and appropriate, including injunctive relief and measures for the preservation of assets or records or for the conservation of goods or other property. The arbitrator may require appropriate security as a condition of ordering such measures. A request for interim measures by a party to a court will not be deemed incompatible with the agreement to arbitrate, or to constitute a waiver of that agreement.

In addition to the final award, the arbitrator may make initial, preliminary, partial and supplemental awards. With respect to any initial, preliminary or partial award, the arbitrator may state in the award whether or not the award is final for purposes of further judicial proceedings.

The award, following the arbitration hearings, will be made no later than 30 days from the date of close of the hearings, unless the parties agree to a later date, or unless there is good cause for the arbitrator to extend the time for making the award. The award will be in writing, will determine each claim and the relief, if any, as to each claim, and will state concisely the reasons on which the award is based, unless the parties agree otherwise. In making the award, the arbitrator will be guided by, but not necessarily bound by, the substantive law applicable to the arbitration as set out in Rule 12.B. When there are three arbitrators, the award will be made and signed by at least two of the arbitrators. Executed copies of the award and of any dissenting opinion will be delivered by JW to the parties. JW has the right to withhold an award from all parties until all requisite fees and deposits owed by the parties have been paid in full. If JW withholds an award for this reason, the arbitrator will be deemed to have good cause to extend the time for making the award, and in any event, the award will not be rendered tardy or invalid.

The arbitrator may grant any remedy or relief determined to be appropriate, including but not limited to specific performance of a contract, injunctive relief, and/or an award of attorneys' fees and costs pursuant to a contract provision for same or applicable statutory authority. The arbitrator may also make an award of punitive damages, if such an award is within the scope of the agreement of the parties and is permissible under the law applicable to the dispute.

The arbitrator may award such pre-award and post-award interest as determined appropriate, taking into consideration the contract and applicable law.

In appropriate cases, the award will identify the prevailing party or parties, if any, for purposes of allocating the costs associated with the proceedings and dealing with any issues of punitive damages or attorneys fees. These matters will usually be the subjects of supplemental proceedings. See Rule 13.C.

Within 10 days after service of the award, any party, in accordance with Rule 3.B. may give notice to the arbitrator, the JW arbitration administrator, and the other parties, and request that the arbitrator correct any clerical, typographical or computation errors, or any errors of a similar nature in the award, or make an additional award as to specific Claims or Counterclaims presented in the arbitration but not determined in the award. The request must be sent at least via electronic mail to all parties, the arbitrator, and the JW arbitration administrator. The burden is on the requesting party to assure that the arbitrator, the JW arbitration administrator, and all parties receive the notice of the request for a correction of an award within the 10 day timeframe, and failure of the arbitrator, JW or any party to receive the notice of the request may constitute waiver of the request. The other parties will have 10 days to respond to the request. The arbitrator will make any correction or additional award the arbitrator deems justified within 30 days of initial service of the award. Unless the arbitrator notifies the parties within 30 days of the initial service of the award that additional time is required to consider the request for correction, the request will be deemed denied if the arbitrator does not respond to the request within 30 days of service of the award. The process repeats, if warranted, allowing a party, within 10 days after delivery of the corrected or additional award to the parties, to request a correction or additional award, 10 days for other parties to respond, and within 30 days from service of the corrected award for the arbitrator to make any further corrections and additional awards. The arbitrator, on his or her own initiative, as appropriate, may make any correction or additional award within 30 days of the service of the award. All corrections, and additional awards will be in writing, and the provisions of this Rule as to awards will apply to them. The arbitrator automatically retains jurisdiction indefinitely to hear an application from any party to remove from any award information asserted to be confidential and not essential to the award.

The award, including any amendments, will be considered final and binding on the parties in accordance with the time provisions of Rule 13.B.5. The parties will undertake promptly to carry out the award without delay. The parties to the arbitration will be deemed to have consented that judgment on the award may be entered in any federal or state court having jurisdiction.

The parties are responsible for filing the award with a court of competent jurisdiction and any confirmation or enforcement proceedings.

If, in the discretion of the arbitrator, the nature of the proceeding requires post-award proceedings to consider punitive damages, attorney's fees, costs, or other supplemental or additional elements to the final award, the arbitrator shall clearly so provide in the language of the interim award and may provide for such additional proceedings by personal appearance or telephone conference. Once the supplemental or additional proceedings are concluded, the arbitrator shall make a final award that includes the entire award in the arbitration. After consultation with the parties, the arbitrator will order the scheduling of any additional briefing, testimony, or hearings that the arbitrator deems appropriate and necessary.

Whenever a party fails to comply with these Rules, or any order of the arbitrator pursuant to these Rules, in a manner deemed material by the arbitrator, the arbitrator may fix a reasonable period of time for compliance. If the party does not comply within said period, the arbitrator may impose any remedy the arbitrator deems just, including payment of costs, exclusion of evidence, determination of an issue, or in the most extreme circumstances, an award on default. Before entering an award on default, the arbitrator will require nondefaulting parties to produce such evidence and legal argument in support of their contentions as the arbitrator may deem appropriate. The arbitrator may receive such evidence and argument without the defaulting party's presence or participation.

A party knowing of a failure to comply with any provision of these Rules, or of any requirement of the arbitration agreement or any direction of the arbitrator, and neglecting or failing to state its objections promptly, waives any objection thereto.

JW may request each party to deposit an appropriate amount as an advance for the costs of the arbitral proceedings incurred by the parties, including hearing fees, expenses of the arbitrator for time spent for other than hearing time ("retainer") and the administrative/case management fees of JW. During the course of the proceedings, JW may request supplementary deposits from the parties, as appropriate. Any such amounts will be held and disbursed in such a manner as is necessary and appropriate to compensate the arbitrator for fees and expenses, and JW for its fees, and as otherwise directed by the arbitrator.

If the deposits requested by JW are not paid in full by the date stated on the invoice, JW may inform the other parties in order that jointly or severally they may make the requested deposits. If the requested deposits are not made, JW or the arbitrator may suspend or terminate the arbitral proceedings.

After the arbitral proceedings have been concluded, JW will return to the parties any unexpended balance of the retainer deposits as may be appropriate.

Within 10 days after the arbitral proceedings have been concluded ("the request period"), a party may request return of that party's documents and JW will arrange for return of said documents. If no request is received within the 10 day period then JW will destroy said documents.

These appellate rules are designed to give the parties and counsel greater flexibility and confidence in obtaining fair, efficient, and swift resolution of disputes. These appellate rules do not create a second avenue after litigation, mediation or arbitration, but allow the parties to be confident their dispute was resolved with fairness and justice.

The request for private appellate review, as detailed in these rules, stays implementation of the underlying award until completion of this appellate review process and the final award is either confirmed or a new award is made and served.

These rules only apply when the parties have agreed in writing to utilize a private "appellate review" process. At any time, the parties may agree in writing to request that the final decision or award be submitted for appellate review. These Appellate Rules are not applicable in consumer arbitration. Consumer arbitration is between individual consumers and a business that has a pre-written standard arbitration clause.

The parties may specify in their agreement a specific process for private appellate review or may incorporate these JW Appellate Rules by including one of the following clauses or any similar language:

The sample clauses contained in these rules are to aid parties and their counsel in drafting contracts and should be considered in consultation with the advice of legal counsel. JW will not give legal advice, and is not giving legal advice as to the precise language to be used nor its meaning or effect.

By agreeing to the applicability of these rules, the parties delegate to Judicate West and the appellate panel selected, the power and responsibility to resolve all administrative issues, disputes, and related matters relevant to the subject matter embraced by their agreement, except as otherwise agreed by the parties and provided for in writing to Judicate West at the outset of the engagement for the appellate review proceeding.

To the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, disputes as to the jurisdiction of the appellate panel and the scope of that jurisdiction as to any issue, including disputes regarding the existence or validity of an agreement that is the basis for the dispute, or any other disputed claims or controversies, may be heard and determined by the appellate review panel. In any challenges to jurisdiction, an appellate review clause will be considered separable from the remaining provisions of any agreement of which it forms a part.

Any challenges to the jurisdiction of the appellate review panel, except challenges based on the award, must be made within 15 days of selection of the appellate panel. Any jurisdictional challenge, thereafter, must be based upon new matters raised and be immediately brought to the panel's attention in writing.

After the receipt of a final award a party can request appellate review by serving a Request for Appeal to counsel of record for each party and to the appellate administrator at Judicate West within 20 days of the service of the final Award in the underlying case. There are no writs or other interim appellate forms of relief under these rules.

___________PARTY (Plaintiff) v. ___________________ PARTY (Defendant)    & DATE
JW Case NO: ______________________
________________ (party) represented by ________________ (legal counsel) hereby requests appellate review of the _________________ (final award / arbitration decision) entered on ______________ (date).

A copy of the agreement to submit the matter for appellate review and a copy of the underlying award/decision is attached.

The party requesting the appeal will submit a deposit of an appropriate amount to be utilized for the administration of the appeal, as detailed in Rule 11.

A JW appellate administrator will be assigned to the matter and will contact all counsel for all parties to confirm representation and calendar panel selection and hearings.

Each party will be represented by a licensed attorney(s) of their choice, and, promptly and in writing, will provide contact information, including the name, address, telephone number, fax number and e-mail address for its attorney(s), to the other parties, the neutrals and to JW. Upon change, replacement or substitution of counsel, the party(ies) involved will update that information immediately. JW reserves the right to decline administration of any matter, or cease administration of any matter, where one or more parties are not represented by counsel. If for any reason any party to the appeal ceases to be represented by counsel, the appellate panel may suspend or terminate the appellate process, unless doing so would unduly prejudice a party, or unless the neutral determines that in the interests of justice and equity the appeal should proceed.

Notices or other communications under these rules must be in writing and sent to the address specified in writing by the recipient or, if no address has been specified, to the last known business or residence address of the recipient. Notices and communications may be given by any means that provides a written record. The burden is on the sending party to assure that the appellate panel, the JW appellate proceedings administrative team, and all parties receive the notice or communication.

Communications will be deemed received and time periods will start to run as follows: DATE OF TRANSMISSION for communications transmitted by electronic mail, facsimile transmission, or by hand-delivery by no later than 6:00 pm in the venue of the appellate proceedings hearing; DATE OF DELIVERY for overnight delivery; THREE DAYS AFTER MAILING for communications sent via U.S. Mail. If the date a communication will be deemed received falls on a weekend or court holiday in the place the communication is received, then the date of receipt will be on the next business day in the place the communication is received. Proof of transmission is prima facie evidence of proof of service / receipt of any notice or communication sent under these rules.

Each neutral will be independent and impartial and will be bound by these rules.

Unless otherwise specified, the dispute will be determined by a panel of (3) three neutrals.

The panel of neutrals will appoint one of themselves as chairperson who will act to set deadlines and make decisions that assist the appellate administrator in creating an efficient appellate process. All decisions that may affect final resolution of the matter to be reviewed will be made by the panel.

Any neutral may be challenged if circumstances exist or arise that give rise to a legitimate question regarding that neutral's independence or impartiality. In order to prevent delay and potential prejudice, all parties are urged to conduct customary due diligence searches regarding the suitability of the neutral at the time the initial disclosures are received. All parties have an obligation to disclose promptly any information that suggests that the neutral's impartiality or independence might reasonably be in question.

If a neutral fails to perform, or for any reason is prevented from performing the functions of a neutral, such as death, incapacity or resignation, a replacement neutral will be chosen using the selection process in Rule 6.A.3. Any unearned neutral fees on deposit will be applied to the replacement neutral. If the parties do not agree on whether the neutral has failed to act or is prevented from performing the functions of a neutral, any party may request that JW make that determination. JW will then assign three neutrals to make that determination based on the merits and the interests of justice, without charge to the parties. If the panel determines a replacement neutral is required, a replacement neutral will be selected pursuant to the process specified in Rule 6.A.3.

The parties and their counsel will assist the appellate administrator to gather and present a Record for each neutral on the appellate panel. The Record will include copies of all evidence submitted in the underlying proceeding and either the stenographic record or the settled statement of the facts. Evidence submitted that is confidential, privileged, or protected will be marked accordingly. No new evidence may be presented to the appellate panel. The chairperson of the appellate panel will set a deadline for the submission of the Record. Any party may object to or request clarification of the Record by motion.

Within (15) fifteen days after Respondent's brief has been served, Appellant may submit a brief replying to the arguments made in respondent's brief. The reply brief should also state whether the Appellant wishes to submit for appellate decision based entirely on the briefs or requests oral arguments.

The chairperson of the appellate panel may extend any time limit for good cause shown.

No party, or anyone on behalf of a party, may have any ex parte or unsolicited communication with a neutral concerning any matter relating to the appeal. Should any party, or anyone acting on behalf of any party, communicate directly with a neutral on the appellate panel in violation of this rules, or should the content of any such communication be considered by a neutral on the appellate panel to be an attempt to prejudice the appellate proceedings, the appellate panel may impose such sanctions or take such other action as the appellate panel deems appropriate.

If oral argument has been requested, the appellate administrator will schedule a hearing before the appellate panel, at a time convenient to the neutrals and all parties, to be set within (20) twenty days of the submission of the Reply or the deadline for submission of the Reply if no Reply was submitted. The deadline for setting oral argument may be extended for good cause by the chairperson of the appellate panel.

The appellate panel has the power to impose reasonable time limits on each phase of the hearing, including the time allotted to each party for explanations, arguments, and rebuttal. In setting time limits, the appellate panel will manage the proceedings appropriately to conclude the appellate proceedings as economically and expeditiously as practicable without compromising fairness.

The appellate panel may postpone any hearing upon request, for good cause shown, or on the panel's own initiative. The parties cannot unilaterally postpone the hearing. Postponement is discouraged due to the considerable difficulty of rescheduling. Postponement or cancellation within 45 days of the hearing may affect refunds or credits of fees paid or due.

When the appellate panel determines, after inquiry of counsel for the parties, that there are no additional arguments to be presented, the appellate panel will declare the hearing closed. However, if post-hearing briefs are to be filed, and unless the appellate panel determines otherwise, the hearing will be deemed closed as of the date of receipt of the briefs or at the conclusion of closing arguments, whichever is later. The time limit for the appellate panel to make the decision will begin on the date the hearing is closed, unless the parties agree otherwise.

The appellate panel will review the Statement of Claims and Record for grounds for reversal.

The standard for determining whether there are grounds for reversal shall be the same legal standard applicable for the underlying proceeding, unless otherwise agreed by the parties in writing.

The appellate panel will apply applicable law pertaining to attorney-client privilege, other privileges and work product. Unless put at issue for error, the appellate panel will respect and follow the determinations made in the underlying matter on the issue of any privilege, waiver or immunity.

The appellate panel may decide whether each neutral will deliberate individually or working together on each claim to be ruled upon, but each neutral must make his or her own determination and decision. A majority decision will identify and decide each item in the statement of claims.

If a majority of the appellate panel decides that there are grounds for reversal with respect to any claim in the Statement of Claims, then the appellate panel's decision will supersede the underlying decision for that claim. The specific remedy on appeal will be determined in accordance with Rule 9.E below. The remainder of the underlying award will be final. The majority decision will contain a reasoned decision in connection with each claim. The neutrals who agree with the finding of grounds for reversal will sign and date the majority decision. A neutral who disagrees will prepare, sign and date a dissenting opinion.

If a majority of the appellate panel decides that there are no grounds for reversal of the underlying matter, then the appellate panel will issue a decision so indicating, and the entire underlying award will be final. All costs of the appeal will be paid by the appellant. The majority decision will contain a reasoned decision in connection with each Claim. The neutrals who agree with the finding of no grounds for reversal of the underlying award will sign and date the majority decision. A neutral who disagrees will prepare, sign and date a dissenting opinion.

The decision of the appellate panel will be made no later than 30 days from the date of close of the hearings, unless the parties agree to a later date, or unless there is good cause for the appellate panel to extend the time for making the decision. JW has the right to withhold a decision from all parties until all requisite fees and deposits owed by the parties have been paid in full. If JW withholds a decision for this reason, the appellate panel will be deemed to have good cause to extend the time for making the decision, and in any event, the decision will not be rendered tardy or invalid.

The remedies at the appellate level will vary depending upon the nature of the case and the appellate findings with respect to grounds for reversal. Specific awards at the appellate level will only be made if there is no need for the presentation of evidence to make the determination. Most specific remedies resulting from the decision on appeal will be implemented through reference back to the arbitrator or panel that heard the underlying matter. Examples of awards at the appellate level would be awards that require only mathematical calculation or involve only uncontested amounts or awards that can be made strictly based upon the Record. The appellate panel will not take evidence.

In appropriate cases, the decision will identify the prevailing party or parties, if any, for purposes of allocating the costs associated with the proceedings and dealing with any issues of punitive damages or attorney's fees. In appropriate cases, the appellate panel will award costs to the prevailing party.

Within 10 days after service of the decision, any party, in accordance with Rule 5.B. may give notice to the appellate panel, the JW appellate proceedings administrator, and the other parties, and request that the appellate panel correct any clerical, typographical or computation errors, or any errors. The request must be sent at least via electronic mail to all parties, the appellate panel, and the JW appellate proceedings administrator. The burden is on the requesting party to assure that the appellate panel, the JW appellate administrator, and all parties receive the notice of the request for a correction of an decision within the 10 day timeframe, and failure of the appellate panel, JW or any party to receive the notice of the request may constitute waiver of the request. The other parties will have 10 days to respond to the request. The appellate panel will make any correction or additional decision the appellate panel deems justified within 30 days of initial service of the decision. Unless the appellate panel notifies the parties within 30 days of the initial service of the decision that additional time is required to consider the request for correction, the request will be deemed denied if the appellate panel does not respond to the request within 30 days of service of the decision. The process repeats, if warranted, allowing a party, within 10 days after delivery of the corrected or additional decision to the parties, to request a correction or additional decision, 10 days for other parties to respond, and within 30 days from service of the corrected decision for the appellate panel to make any further corrections and additional decisions. The appellate panel, as appropriate, may make any correction or additional decision within 30 days of the service of the decision. All corrections, and additional decisions will be in writing, and the provisions of these rules will apply to them. The appellate panel automatically retains jurisdiction indefinitely to hear an application from any party to remove from any decision information asserted to be confidential and not essential to the decision.

The decision, including any amendments, will be considered final and binding on the parties. The parties will undertake promptly to carry out the decision without delay. The parties to the appellate proceedings will be deemed to have consented that judgment on the decision may be entered in any federal or state court having jurisdiction.

The parties are responsible for filing the decision with a court of competent jurisdiction and any confirmation or enforcement proceedings.

Whenever a party fails to comply with these rules, or any order of the appellate panel pursuant to these rules, in a manner deemed material by the appellate panel, the appellate panel may fix a reasonable period of time for compliance. If the party does not comply within said period, the appellate panel may impose any remedy the appellate panel deems just, including payment of costs or determination of an issue or claim.

A party knowing of a failure to comply with any provision of these rules, or of any requirement of the appellate proceedings agreement or any direction of the appellate panel, and neglecting or failing to state its objections promptly, waives any objection thereto.

The Appellant, upon notification by JW, will deposit an appropriate amount as an advance for the estimated costs of the appellate proceedings that will be incurred by the parties, including hearing fees, fees incurred by the appellate panel for time outside of hearing time, and the administrative/case management fees of JW. During the course of the proceedings, JW may request supplementary deposits, as appropriate. Any such amounts will be held and disbursed in such a manner as is necessary and appropriate to compensate the appellate panel for fees and expenses, and JW for its fees, and as otherwise directed by the appellate panel. The final award after the appellate review process may allocate the costs of the proceeding in accordance with Rule 9.F.

If the deposits requested by JW are not paid in full by the date stated on the invoice, JW may inform the other parties. If a party neglects or refuses to deposit the amount requested, another party may make the deposit, which will be a cost item in the proceedings. If the requested deposits are not made, JW or the appellate panel may suspend or terminate the appellate proceedings.

After the appellate proceedings have been concluded, JW will return to the parties any unexpended balance of the retainer deposits as may be appropriate.

Within 10 days after the appellate proceedings have been concluded a party may request return of that party's documents and JW will arrange for return of the documents. If no request is received within the 10-day period then JW will destroy the documents.